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Your district’s ability to retain quality educators may depend on where it stands on a new list of the best and worst states for teachers. But before we get to the full rankings, here are a few factors that determined where your state placed:

• Texas pays teachers the highest starting salary: $46,113 (adjusted for cost of living). That’s 1.5 times higher than the lowest, Montana, at $31,215.
• New York offers the highest annual salary for public-school teachers: $80,286 (adjusted for cost of living), which is 1.7 times higher than salaries in Hawaii, which, at $47,156, are the lowest.
• Nevada projects to have seven teachers per 1,000 students by the year 2028, the lowest rate, which is 14 times lower than the District of Columbia’s projected 98.
• Vermont has the lowest pupil-teacher ratio, 10.34, about two 2.2 lower than the state with the highest rate, Utah at 22.63.
• New York spends the most per student, $29,897, 3.5 times more than Idaho, the lowest at $8,662.

, by the personal finance website WalletHub, analyzed 24 key indicators of “teacher-friendliness” as many districts grapple with staff shortages—particularly in STEM and special education—that emerged as a challenge for K-12 well before the pandemic.

Now, reports of worsening morale are becoming the norm, with teachers citing the “teacher pay penalty” that leaves them with lower salaries compared to professionals with similar education and experience. In countless surveys, teachers have also said that respect for their profession has declined while politicians and others are interfering with instruction more frequently and aggressively.

“Leaders in the community and schools must work to create an environment of respect for teachers and support for their work,” Rene S. Parmar, dean of the School of Education at Lehman College, part of the City University of New York. “Salary is important as well, but we see teachers leaving high-paying districts when the working conditions are not supportive or safe.”

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“If local officials disrespect them, parents and Boards challenge their professionalism, the environment around schools is unsafe and poorly maintained, and the local media promotes negativity, teachers will leave,” Parmar said.

Best and worst states for teachers

Here’s where your state ranks, from best to worst:

1. New York
2. Utah
3. Virginia
4. Florida
5. Washington
6. New Jersey
7. Pennsylvania
8. Massachusetts
9. Maryland
10. Connecticut
11. North Dakota
12. Delaware
13. Minnesota
14. Georgia
15. California
16. Illinois
17. Indiana
18. Alabama
19. Mississippi
20. Idaho
21. Kentucky
22. Wyoming
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24. Iowa
25. Kansas
26. Ohio
27. Vermont
28. North Carolina
29. West Virginia
30. Oregon
31. Rhode Island
32. Nebraska
33. Wisconsin
34. Oklahoma
35. Arkansas
36. Colorado
37. Alaska
38. South Carolina
39. South Dakota
40. Michigan
41. Tennessee
42. Nevada
43. Montana
44. Maine
45. Louisiana
46. Missouri
47. New Mexico
48. Arizona
49. District of Columbia
50. New Hampshire
51. Hawaii

It’s not all about salaries

Where states placed in the rankings was not solely determined by teacher pay. For instance, Florida landed No. 4 overall, with high rankings for job opportunities and work environment, but fell among the bottom five states for teacher pay, along with Washington, D.C., South Dakota, Maine and Hawaii. The top five states for teacher pay are New York, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Washington.

Still, pay is definitely important. Washington, D.C., for example, is at the bottom for teacher pay and among the top five for highest projected turnover, along with Indiana, Virginia, Arizona and Vermont. New York, which is No. 1 for pay, is expected to have among the lowest turnover rates, just behind Kentucky, Montana and Missouri. New York also spends the most per pupil. 

When it comes to the lowest student-teacher ratio, New England dominates the top five: Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Connecticut. The highest ratios are all found in large western states with expansive and remote rural areas: Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, California and Utah.